WHAT IS EQUINE ARTHRITIS?
Arthritis, also called degenerative joint disease (DJD) or osteoarthritis is a common progressive deterioration of the joint cartilage, accompanied by changes in the bone and soft tissues of the joint.
The everyday wear on degenerative joints causes inflammation, which in turn causes cartilage breakdown. The body normally responds by repairing the cartilage, so in a healthy joint there is a continual cycle of cartilage breakdown and repair.
In arthritis this breakdown-repair cycle becomes unblanaced, the cartilage becomes thinner and this reduces its protective cushioning effect. The joint fluid also becomes runnier so it provides less lubrication and less nutrition for the cartilage. This leads to an unhealthy, arthritic joint.
HOW TO SPOT IF YOUR HORSE HAS ARTHRITIS
Arthritis is common, causing up to 60% of lamenesses in horses. A joint with arthritis no longer moves freely, causing pain and restricted movement. This could lead to obvious lameness, but might also just be noticed as stiffness, dragging toes, a subtle change in gait, or reluctance to move or pick up a foot. An arthritic horse may struggle to perform to the level it used to.
References:
1. McIlwraith CW et al (2012) Bones & Joint Res 1(11) 297-309
WHAT TO DO IF YOU SUSPECT YOUR HORSE HAS ARTHRITIS
If you are concerned about your horse's joint health, contact your vet for advice. Early investigation and treatment can lead to better recovery in cases of joint disease.
CAUSES OF EQUINE ARTHRITIS
There are many factors that can contribute to the development of arthritis such as poor conformation, genetics, previous injury or disease (such as osteochondrosis dissecans- OCD), or damage to the supporting tissues around the joint. But the most common cause is wear and tear, which progresses over time, hence it occurs more in older horses.
MANAGING AN ARTHRITIC HORSE
It is important to keep your horse lean as being overweight puts excessive strain on the joints. It is a good idea to regularly monitor your horse's condition by using a weigh tape and/or body fat score.
A regular exercise regime to keep your horse fit is also recommended - your vet will be able to advise what is appropriate for your horse, depending on the joint(s) affected, and the severity of your horse's arthritis. Tips include:
- regular turnout
- warm up and cool down thoroughly each time your horse is exercised
- vary the type of work, include rest days and avoid excessive exercise
- follow any physiotherapy exercises that are recommended
- regular farrier visits to maintain a balanced hoof
Your vet may recommend feeding a joint supplement such as Equitop GLME to provide a dietary source of key nutrients which help maintain normal joints.